There is something called failover technology in Amazon. AWS RDS's Multi-AZ deployment uses this technology. If you enable Multi-AZ for an RDS DB, say MySQL DB, RDS automatically creates a standby replica in a different AZ.
If the primary DB instance is in AZ-1A, then RDS creates a standby replica in AZ-1B (for example).
Suppose I add a new row to a table in the primary DB, then the same row is added, almost in the same time, in the standby replica. This is called as synchronous replication.
Thus, standby replicas are useful during DB instance failure/AZ disruption. How? Because, there is no need to create a backup later because the backup has already been created. This gives high availability during planned system maintenance.
Normal backup operation - I/O activities are blocked in the primary database
Automated backup operation (standby replica) - I/O activities are not blocked
This standby replica is not similar to read replica (which is used for disaster recovery).
Standby replica = Synchronous = Multi AZ= high availability solution (It cannot be promoted as a Read Replica)
Read replica = Asynchronous = (cross/same) region replication = scaling solution
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