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Think of these AWS services when you hear these terms

Terms - Services

No duplicates - SQS FIFO / Simple WorkFlow (SWF) / Kinesis Data Streams

At least once delivery - SQS Standard

Exactly once processing - SQS FIFO

Instance level firewall - Security Group

Subnet level firewall - NACL

Infrastructure provisioning - CloudFormation

Real-time guidance to resouce provisioning - AWS Trusted Advisor

Recommendations for cost optimization / security / fault tolerance / performance / service limits - AWS Trusted Advisor

View & analyze costs/usage - AWS Cost Explorer

Automated security assessment service - Amazon Inspector

Improve security & compliance of applications - Amazon Inspector

Automatically assess applications for exposure, vulnerabilities and deviations from best practices - Amazon Inspector

Set custom budget alerts / reservation utilization / coverage targets / receive alerts - AWS Budgets

Integrate LDAP Directory Service to IAM - SAML / STS / Custom identity broker

Record of S3 actions - CloudTrail logs

IT audits and API logging for AWS resources - CloudTrail

Track API calls to AWS resources - CloudTrail

Identity which users & accounts called AWS, the source IPs and time of calls - CloudTrail

System monitoring based on server metrics - CloudWatch

Can't track API calls to AWS resources - CloudWatch / X-Ray / API Gateway

Detailed logging of object-level access requests to S3 - S3 server access logs

Static, Public IPv4 address - Elastic IP address

Allow outbound internet connection - NAT Gateway

Data archive - S3 Glacier

Deploy and manage HPC clusters - ParallelCluster

Process huge log files - EMR

Get EC2 data from inside a running instance - Instance metadata

Pub/Sub messaging service - SNS

Message queueing service which supports extensive list of industry-standard messaging APIs & Protocols - MQ

Message queueing service for existing applications - MQ

Message queueing service for brand new applications - SQS

Serverless function orchestrator - Step Functions

Multiple AWS services into serverless workflows - Step Functions

VPC IP traffic - VPC flow logs

Trace and analyze user requests through API Gateway - X-Ray

Debug and analyze microservices apps. with request tracing to find root-cause of issued and performance - X-Ray

Connect On-premises networks and VPCs to a single hub - Transit Gateway

Connect multiple VPCs to a single hub - Transit Gateway

Connect VPCs, VPNs & On-Premises networks to a single gateway, span multiple regions, using network Hub/Spoke model - Transit Gateway

Inter-region peering - Transit Gateway

Private virtual interface - Direct Connect Gateway

Use LACP to aggregate multiple connections at a single Direct Connect endpoint - LAG (Link Aggregation Group)

Share resources between regions - VPC Peering

Route traffic between VPCs using Private IPs - VPC Peering

Connect VPCs across accounts - VPC Peering

Connect VPCs across regions - Inter-region VPC Peering

No inter-region communication - VPC endpoint

OLAP - Redshift

OLTP - RDS

RDS Read-heavy DB workloads - RDS Read-Replica

RDS DB failover - RDS Standby-Replica

Get subset of S3 data using SQL - S3 Select

Query Redshift external tables hosted in S3 - Redshift Spectrum

Automatically move data between access tiers when the access pattern is unpredictable - S3 Intelligent Tiering

Process and return data in close geographical proximity to users - Lambda@Edge

Realtime data streaming - Kinesis

Collect and monitor custom metric - CloudWatch agent

Logs on VPC - Flow logs

Logs on EC2 instances - CloudWatch logs

Process and move data between different AWS services and On-Premises data sources - Data Pipeline

TCP/UDP / Layer-4 traffic - Network Load Balancer

HTTP / Layer-7 traffic / Weighted target groups - Application Load Balancer

No Weighted target groups - Network Load Balancer

Divert traffic between On-Premises and AWS - Application Load Balancer with Weighted target groups / Route53 with Weighted routing policy

Active-Passive failover - Route53 with Failover routing policy

Connect to two or more VPCs that are located in different AWS Regions - Direct Connect Gateway

Document & Key-Value store models - DynamoDB

Fully managed - DynamoDB / API Gateway / Lambda / NAT Gateway / Amazon FSx for Windows File Server

Highly available DB - DynamoDB / SimpleDB

Scalable  NoSQL DB - DynamoDB / SimpleDB

No limit on request capacity & storage size - DynamoDB (not SimpleDB)

Flexible data model / High performance / automatic scaling of throughout capacity - DynamoDB

Managed but not Fully Managed - RDS

Relational DB - RDS / Aurora

Used for Graph DB - Neptune

Scaling up and down frequently - Cooldown period of ASG

Configure EC2 without RDP/SSH & run scripts - AWS Systems Manager Run Command

Prevent other consumers from receiving and processing messages - SQS Visibility Timeout

Data through internet API - S3

Object-level storage - S3

Block-level storage - EBS

Low-latency from a single EC2 instance - EBS

IOPS / Small/random IO operations / Bootable volume / Transactional workloads / Critical business applications that require high IOPS performance / Transactional DB workloads / Large DB workloads such as MongoDB, Oracle, MS SQL Server etc., - SSD

Throughput / Large/sequential IO operations / Not bootable volume / Large streaming workloads requiring consistent fast throughout at a lower price / Big data, data warehouses, Log processing / Frequently accessed throughput intensive workloads - HDD

Critical business applications that require high/sustained IOPS performance (small/random IO operations) - EBS provisioned IOPS SSD

Frequently accessed throughput intensive workloads (Large/sequential IO operations) - EBS throughput optimized HDD

Less frequently accessed workloads - Cold HDD

Only Linux workloads - EFS

Rapidly changing data - EFS

Multiple servers - EFS

Concurrently accessible storage - EFS

POSIX compatible file system - EFS

Strong consistency - EFS

File locking - EFS

Performance durability - EFS

High availability - EFS / Multi-AZ

High throughput and IOPS - FSx Windows file server

Extend On-premises data to AWS cloud - Storage Gateway

File system & Active Directory integration - FSx Windows file server & Storage Gateway - File Gateway

Across regions but within account - IAM Roles

Less frequent access + Rapid retrieval - S3 Standard - IA (Infrequent Access) Tiering

List countries the requests originate from - WAF Geo-match condition

List IPs the requests originate from - WAF IP-match condition

Allow or block requests from request origins - WAF Web ACL (NACL can't do this)

Check connection requests using the Protocol and Port set & route the requests to registered targets - LB listener rules

Enable outbound IPv6 communication from instances in VPC to Internet - Egress only Internet Gateway

Where the package should go next (to be routed) - Route Table Target

The packet's final destination (IP / CIDR range) - Route Table Destination

Categorize AWS resources - Tags

Can access specific tags - IAM Policies

Securely share resources across AWS accounts/organizations - Resource Access Manager (RAM)

Random prefix to key names to improve performance - S3 (not required anymore)

To target a specific partition in S3 read - S3 sequential prefix to key names

S3 GET - 5500 requests/second

S3 PUT - 3500 requests/second

Time-sensitive messages / Messages should be processed within a specific time (create alert if the message remains long in the queue) - ApproximateAgeOfOldestMessage CloudWatch metric

Logical grouping of EC2 instances / Instances are close in single AZ / HPC applications - Cluster placement group

Logical grouping of EC2 instances / Instances in different partition do not share underlying hardware / Large distributed and replicated workloads such as Kafka, Hadoop and Cassandra - Partition placement group

Logical grouping of EC2 instances / Small group of instances across distinct underlying hardware to avoid correlated failures / Small number of critical instances that require separation from one another - Spread placement group

Target value / Increase or decrease the current capacity of an Auto Scaling Group based on a target value for a specific metric / if based on utilization metric i.e., a metric that increases or decreases proportionally to the number of instances in an Auto Scaling group- Target tracking scaling

Threshold values / Increase or decrease the current capacity of an Auto Scaling Group based on a set of scaling adjustments, known as step adjustments, that vary based on the size of the alarm breach / if based on non-utilization metric i.e., a metric that DOESN'T increase or decrease proportionally to the number of instances in an Auto Scaling group - Step scaling

Single scaling adjustment / Increase or decrease the current capacity of an Auto Scaling Group based on a single scaling adjustment - Simple scaling

Predictable load changes - Scheduled scaling

Access S3 from VPC in AWS network - Gateway Endpoint / Gateway VPC Endpoint

Gateway Endpoint + access S3 from On-Premises/different AWS region - VPC Interface Endpoint

Connect VPC to AWS services without Internet Gateway, NAT device, VPN or Direct Connect - VPC Interface Endpoint

VPC to VPC - VPC Peering

VPC to Public service like S3/DynamoDB - Endpoints

Endpoints to access public service like S3/DynamoDB - Gateway Endpoint (route table)

Endpoints to access other services - Interface Endpoint (eni)

Secure access to RDS MySQL/PostgreSQL - IAM DB Authentication

Centrally manage SSO access and user permissions for all of your AWS accounts managed through AWS Organizations - AWS SSO

Retain a copy of frequently accessed S3 data locally On-Premises with low-latency / Mount volumes as iSCSI devices - Cached Volume Gateway in AWS Storage Gateway

Low-latency access to your entire dataset - Stored Volume Gateway in AWS Storage Gateway

Cost-effective, durable, long-term offsite alternative for data archiving - Tape Gateway

Store and retrieve Amazon S3 objects through NFS and SMB protocols - File Gateway

Mission-critical data - Reserved EC2 instances

Non-essential batch jobs - Spot EC2 instances

The SQS messages are deleted automatically after - SQS Retention period

Return empty/non-empty response from queue immediately - SQS short-polling

Doesn't return response from queue until a message arrives - SQS long-polling

Encrypted EBS volumes + data at rest - Amazon managed keys in KMS + Own keys in KMS

HIPAA - KMS

Store keys (not passwords) - CloudHSM

Provides SSL certificates - AWS Certificate Manager (ACM)

File system storage + Scalable + HPC (high performance computing) + SMB protocol + Windows NTFS + Active Directory (AD) integration + Distributed File System (DFS) - Amazon FSx for Windows File Server

Move huge On-Premises data to S3/AWS - DataSync

Doesn't support Windows servers/applications - Amazon FSx for Lustre

Available in Multiple AZs/regions - Durable / Durability

Two static IPs - Global Accelerator

Control the proportion of traffic directed to each endpoint - Global Accelerator

Objects which can be associated to the Static IPs provided by AWS Global Accelerator - Network Load Balancers, Application Load Balancers, EC2 Instances, and Elastic IP addresses

Provide visibility into management operations that are performed on resources in your AWS account - AWS CloudTrail Management Events

Provide visibility into the resource operations performed on or within a resource - AWS CloudTrail Data Events

Write-once-read-many (WORM) model - S3 Object Lock

Move/migrate data - DataSync

Move/migrate obsolete data - DataSync

Replicate data - Storage Gateway

Audit stored objects - S3 server access logging

Pending, Pending:Wait, Pending:Proceed, InService - ASG Scale-Out actions

Terminating, Terminating:Wait, Terminating:Proceed, Terminated - ASG Scale-In actions

Collect logs from EC2 instances - CloudWatch agent


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