Imagine you have two AWS accounts, account A & account B. There are AWS resources in the account B which you want to share with account A. Let's say an S3 bucket for example.
This can be achieved as follows:
1. Create an IAM role in account B which can access that S3 bucket. Let the users from account A assume that role in account B and eventually access the S3 bucket in account B. The role acts as a proxy here. One of the disadvantages of this case is the user context is changed from account A's user to account B's role. That means when the context is changed to account B's role the user will not be able to access resources in account A anymore. This is a user based policy.
2. There are some resources in AWS you can attach the resource based policies to. You can mention the list of AWS accounts which can access this resource in this policy. The user will be able to access that S3 bucket in account B. At the same time, the user will also be accesing the resources in account A.
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