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The NAT devices (can be a NAT Instance/Gateway) should be present in the public subnet as they forward the outbound internet traffic from resources in private subnet. This is because, the private subnet won't have an Internet Gateway.
NAT instance is customer-managed while NAT Gateway is AWS-managed. So, NATGW > NATI in terms of HA (High Availability).
The bandwidth of NAT instance is directly proportional to instance-size. You don't need to choose instance type in NATGW. So, NATGW > NATI in terms of bandwidth.
NATI requires maintenance & monitoring. So, So, NATGW > NATI in terms of maintenance & monitoring.
The following architecture is not recommended because each AZ should have a NATGW.
This does not mean that the NATGW in the single AZ might go down. AWS impements redundancy. That means, AWS always keeps the NATGW running. So, the following is not possible.
What would be a good architecture is the following, as instances in each AZ can have their own NAT device for outbound internet traffic.
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